Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by the rapid buildup of skin cells that produce red, scaly patches on the skin. While the exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, genetic predispositions play a part in developing this non-contagious, yet long-lasting condition that fluctuates from intense flare ups to remission. The severity of psoriasis varies from mild to severe with nearly one third of people having a family history of the disease.
Have you ever wondered why your dermatologist asks for your family history when diagnosing or treating conditions like psoriasis? Knowing these details helps your doctor to determine a genetic predisposition, confirm a diagnosis relating to a hereditary condition, assess risk for conditions that may not yet have manifested and personalize treatment plans since some dermatologic conditions may respond differently based on genetic factors.
Researchers have identified several genes that may link your family tree and psoriasis. Key genes that influence psoriasis are PSORS1, IL23R, TNIP1, TNFAIP3 and CARD14; these genetic factors are responsible for about 70% of disease susceptibility. Some genes are even specifically connected to the type of psoriasis that develops. Types of psoriasis include:
- Plaque Psoriasis: The most common form accounting for 90% of cases, is denoted by raised, red patches covered with silvery scales. These patches often appear on the scalp, elbows, knees and lower back.
- Guttate Psoriasis: Often triggered by infections like strep throat, this type forms small, drop-shaped lesions on the skin.
- Inverse Psoriasis: Found in skin folds, such as under the arms, in the groin,\ or under the breasts as smooth, shiny, red patches.
- Pustular Psoriasis: A rare form of psoriasis, this type causes pus-filled blisters on the skin, typically on the hands and feet.
- Erythrodermic Psoriasis: A severe, life-threatening form of the skin condition that can cover most of the body with a red, peeling rash, accompanied by severe itching or burning.
Even if someone has a genetic predisposition to psoriasis, environmental factors often trigger the onset of the disease. These may include emotional or physical stress, certain infections like colds, skin injuries, extreme weather (cold, dry weather worsens symptoms as does excessive sun exposure that can lead to sunburn which further aggravates psoriasis), certain medications (such as beta-blockers and corticosteroids), smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, hormonal changes, diet and allergies.
Psoriasis can be managed through a combination of topical treatments, phototherapy, systemic medications and lifestyle modifications. To learn more about diagnosing and treating psoriasis, contact THE CENTER for Advanced Dermatology at 602-867-7546 or WEBSITE.