A group of inflammatory skin conditions that causes rashes, scaly patches, blisters, dry skin and infection, commonly known as eczema, affects more than 31 million Americans. Eczema’s main symptom is unbearable itching that can feel like an odd twitching or throbbing that desperately needs to be scratched. Although not painful, the surface of the skin may look as if you are in pain, with cracked or chapped skin that often has sores or raised bumps. In addition to itchiness, the skin may feel hot or burning. It is no wonder that people affected by eczema would want immediate relief. For treatment to be effective, you need to know about the different types of eczema and their accompanying symptoms. There are other skin conditions that can resemble eczema including ringworm, athlete’s foot, scabies, herpes and contact dermatitis. Some of these, unlike eczema, are highly contagious. Let’s look at the 7 different types of eczema, including their symptoms, causes and treatments:
- Atopic Dermatitis: The Most Common Form of Eczema
Symptoms: Dry, inflamed and intensely itchy skin are hallmarks of atopic dermatitis. It’s most often seen in babies and young children, but it can affect people of any age.
Causes: Linked to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is associated with other allergic conditions like asthma and hay fever.
Treatment: Anti-inflammatory treatments, such as topical corticosteroids or non-steroidal creams, can help reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, doctors may recommend immunosuppressive drugs or biologic medications.
- Contact Dermatitis: Environmental Triggers Cause Trouble
Symptoms: Contact dermatitis can cause red, inflamed skin and an itchy rash that might blister. It happens when the skin encounters an irritant or allergen.
Causes: Common triggers include harsh chemicals, certain metals or fragrances in cosmetics.
Treatment: The first step is to identify and avoid the triggering substance. Topical steroids or antihistamines can help calm inflammation, while soothing creams or ointments help repair the skin barrier.
- Dyshidrotic Eczema: Small Blisters, Big Discomfort
Symptoms: Characterized by tiny, fluid-filled blisters that typically appear on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet.
Causes: Dyshidrotic eczema is often linked to stress, allergies or exposure to moisture. It tends to worsen in warm, humid climates.
Treatment: Treatment involves drying out the blisters with the help of topical steroids or even phototherapy. In some cases, oral steroids may be prescribed if the condition is severe.
- Neurodermatitis: Itch Leads to Scratch—and More Itch
Symptoms: Neurodermatitis causes thick, scaly patches of skin, often triggered by a repetitive scratching cycle. The patches can appear anywhere on the body but are often found on the neck, scalp, wrists or ankles.
Causes: Stress, skin irritation or even an insect bite can start the itch-scratch cycle which makes the condition worse.
Treatment: May include corticosteroid creams, antihistamines and anti-anxiety medications to reduce stress-related scratching. Keeping the skin moisturized and covered can also help prevent further irritation.
- Nummular Eczema: Coin-Shaped Lesions
Symptoms: Nummular eczema presents as round, coin-shaped spots on the skin. These patches can be itchy, scaly and sometimes ooze fluid.
Causes: Dry skin, a history of allergies or injury to the skin can trigger nummular eczema. It tends to appear after a skin infection or a minor injury such as a burn or insect bite.
Treatment: Intense moisturizing is key for managing nummular eczema. Steroid creams can also help. In more stubborn cases, phototherapy or oral medications may be necessary.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: The Scalp Struggler
Symptoms: Causes red, flaky patches of skin that are often greasy in appearance. It is most common on the scalp, but it can also affect other oily areas like the face, chest or back.
Causes: Thought to be caused by an overgrowth of yeast on the skin, combined with excess oil production. Cold, dry weather or stress can make the condition worse.
Treatment: Dandruff shampoos containing antifungal agents or salicylic acid are often the first line of defense. In more severe cases, prescription antifungal creams or corticosteroids may be needed.
- Stasis Dermatitis: Circulation Problems Meet Skin Irritation
Symptoms: Often appears as swollen, discolored skin on the lower legs, usually accompanied by a heavy or aching feeling. The skin may be itchy and ulcers can form in severe cases.
Causes: Caused by poor circulation in the veins, which leads to fluid buildup and skin irritation. It’s often seen in people with varicose veins or other conditions that affect blood flow in the legs.
Treatment: Improving circulation is key. Compression stockings, elevating the legs and regular exercise can help. Topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to treat inflammation and itching, while moisturizers can help keep the skin hydrated.
Living with eczema can be frustrating, but with the right diagnosis and treatment plan, flare-ups can be controlled. Understanding the type of eczema you have, avoiding triggers and following a skincare routine are essential steps. Always consult with a dermatologist at THE CENTER for Advanced Dermatology to explore treatment options that are best suited for your condition.
Stay proactive in your skin care and don’t hesitate to seek support when needed-eczema doesn’t have to control your life. Call 602-867-7546 or visit WEBSITE.
